An efficient energy-management strategy for a DC microgrid powered by a photovoltaic/fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor

Abstract The outcome of this paper is to suggest an efficient energy-management strategy (EMS) for a direct-current (DC) microgrid (MG). typical MG composed two renewable energy sources [photovoltaic (PV) systems and fuel cells (FCs)] energy-storage elements (lithium-ion battery supercapacitor). An EMS was proposed ensure optimal bus voltage with power-sharing arrangement between the load sources. As result, in suggested DC MG, non-linear flatness control theory used instead traditional proportional-integral approach. intended supply high power quality under varying conditions fluctuating solar irradiation while considering FC status. To validate prove effectiveness EMS, MATLAB® environment used. In addition, output PV system maximized using particle swarm optimization algorithm as maximum point tracking (MPPT) technique track MPP 3000-W different irradiance conditions. results show that delivers stable smooth minimum overshoot value (0.1%) improved ripple content (0.1%). performance enhanced by employing theory, which provides higher stabilizing voltage.